Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

Mediation is a process in which a neutral person, agreeable to the disputing parties, acts as a facilitator to their negotiations and assists them in arriving at their own mutually-acceptable solution. Mediation may occur before litigation has commenced or at any time before the trial.

There are many different mediation techniques or styles but two of the most common are the facilitative and evaluative styles. The main difference between the two is that in the evaluative style the mediator is much more actively involved in getting the case settled. The evaluator suggests how to settle the dispute and will often evaluate the case for the parties. In a facilitative role the mediator will concentrate on getting the parties to communicate with each other in order to come up with their own solutions to their dispute. It is important to note that in practice many mediators blend the two styles and develop their own.

Arbitration is a process where a neutral third party or parties act(s) as an adjudicator or decision-maker on a case. This process is more informal than a normal trial. It is frequently held in the office of the arbitrator, generally takes less than one day and results in a decision that may be binding or non-binding.

Different states and counties have jurisdictional limits to define when a court case should be sent to arbitration. Appeals may be filed with the court after an arbitration award is received. The appeal involves a court or jury trial in Superior Court. However, there are strict penalties imposed if the appealing party does not obtain a result better than that obtained in the arbitration.

A settlement conference is similar in many ways to a mediation. A settlement conference is generally held by a judge shortly before a scheduled trial. The judge, as a neutral third party, will try to assist parties in settling their dispute before the trial. Settlement conferences can save litigants both time and money. Individuals who are involved in a lawsuit may request a settlement conference from a judge after a trial date has been set.

This procedure is directed at helping individuals involved in a dispute to narrow the issues over which they disagree to the ones that are really pertinent to their case. The parties and their attorneys meet with a neutral expert who guides them in assessing the merits of their case and then gives them a range of monetary damages that would probably be the decision if they went to trial. Neutral evaluation is helpful to people who have large, complex cases. The evaluator has expertise in the subject matter of the case and can act as a settlement facilitator if the parties choose. Individuals, lawyers and judges may suggest the use of a neutral evaluator as a means of moving the case toward settlement.

This procedure uses jurors to provide an advisory opinion to parties in a lawsuit. There are many different types of summary jury trials, but in a typical one the jurors hear an abbreviated trial in which each side is given a limited period of time to present their case. The number of witnesses is limited as well as the time allowed to the attorneys for their arguments. The jurors will deliberate after both sides have presented their case and then the jury will render a verdict. Summary jury trials, like arbitrations, can be binding or non-binding. The advantage of a summary jury trial as opposed to a trial is that a summary jury trial can be done in a day, instead of considerably longer. This results in great savings to the parties and the Court.

Another advantage of summary jury trials is the flexibility afforded. Parties can agree on how the summary jury trial will be performed. For example, the parties may choose to have a binding summary jury trial in which a high and low verdict is agreed to by the parties and not revealed to the jury. If the jury gives a verdict which is below the low agreed upon by the parties, the plaintiff will get the agreed-upon low number; if the verdict is above the agreed-upon high number, the plaintiff receives the agreed-upon high number. If the jury comes to a number between the agreed-upon high and low numbers, that number will be binding on the parties. Summary jury trials are excellent vehicles for resolving cases in a cost effective manner with input from an actual jury.